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Shakespeare. Комментарии к сонету 54

 

OH how much more doth beautie beautious seeme,
By that sweet ornament which truth doth giue,
The Rose lookes faire, but fairer we it deeme
For that sweet odor,which doth in it liue:
The Canker bloomes haue full as deepe a die,
As the perfumed tincture of the Roses,
Hang on such thornes,and play as wantonly,
When sommers breath their masked buds discloses:
But for their virtue only is their show,
They liue vnwoo’d, and vnrespected fade,
Die to themselues . Sweet Roses doe not so,
Of their sweet deathes, are sweetest odors made:
   And so of you,beautious and louely youth,
   When that shall vade,by verse distils your truth.

O how much more doth beauty beauteous seem
By that sweet ornament which truth doth give!
The Rose looks fair, but fairer we it deem
For that sweet odor, which doth in it live.
The Canker blooms have full as deep a dye,
As the perfumèd tincture of the Roses,
Hang on such thorns, and play as wantonly,
When summer’s breath their maskèd buds discloses;
But for their virtue only is their show,
They live unwooed, and unrespected fade,
Die to themselves. Sweet Roses do not so,
Of their sweet deaths, are sweetest odors made:
   And so of you, beauteous and lovely youth,
   When that shall vade, by verse distills your truth.

3 The Rose looks fair ДК к 1.2.

5 Canker blooms  8 maskеd buds – см. 35.4, 1.11.

6 tincture [< L tingere, tinctum, ‘красить’] – окраска, оттенок основного цвета

9 virtue – прирожденное свойство, добродетель.

   Одна добродетель: Красота-Rose, Идея которой имеет миллионы воплощений (53), – здесь: красивые смертные тела Роз.

   Вторая добродетель – Любовь-Eros, Идея которой имеет миллионы воплощений (ДК к 53.1) и одну Правду сути (truth 2, 4; ДК к 53.14), – здесь: сладкий запах Роз (sweet odor, 4, 12).

   Ср. сонет 5.

10 unrespected = 1) unlooked on (7.14); 2) not held in respect (43.2)

11 die to themselves – умирают 1) одиноко; 2) без пользы для других (4, 5)

14 that = beauty, love, youth (13)                     vade = fade, disappear, be gonе

13-14 your truth distills of you by verse. Ср. сонеты 5, 1416; см. следующий сонет 55 ♦♦

• 5 die ≈ 7 wantonly • ГК